Last week, a Redditor named easyjet decided to (very belatedly) join the global party that is Facebook. He signed up with an email address he never, ever used. He lied about all of his personal information.

So he was rightly freaked out when Facebook still managed to predict and "recommend" a huge number of his real-life acquaintances - down to people whose names he barely knew and a woman he dated 19 years ago.

How does Facebook know who your friends are? Its a mystery that has nagged users since at least 2011, when the Irish Data Protection Commissioner conducted a full-scale investigation into the issue. But four years later, theres still a lot of confusion and misinformation about what Facebooks doing when it "finds" your friends.

Did it scrape your phone for names and numbers? Run a reverse-image search of your picture? Compile a "shadow" or "ghost" profile on you over a period of years, just waiting for you to log on and "confirm" its guesses?

Alas, Facebooks actual process isnt actually that sneaky or malicious. In fact, it involves this pretty complex academic field called ... network science.

In a nutshell, whenever you sign up for a Facebook account, Facebook asks permission to look at your email contacts if youre on a computer, or your phone contacts if youre on a smartphone. When you grant the site permission, it searches your contacts for users already on the network, and it searches other users uploaded contacts for you. That gives it a very primitive outline of your social circles: who you know, but not how you know them or how well.

To refine that map, Facebook asks you more questions about yourself: where you went to school, when you were born, what city you live in. Each field in your Facebook profile and each interaction you make through that profile actually double as a source of data for Facebooks mapping algorithms. What theyre trying to do is determine the structure of the network: where the cliques are, which people bridge them, who knows who.

Once Facebook knows the structure of your social network, it can analyse it to predict (with startling accuracy!) not only the people youre most likely to know now, but the people youre most likely to know in the future.

This isnt magic: Its actually closer to statistics. In the network, there are a set number of "nodes," i.e., people, and a set number of "edges," i.e., friendships. Given that, each nonexistent connection between two nodes is a statistical possibility. But not all nodes are created equal, so not all connections are equally likely. (I dont anticipate befriending many 40-year-old guys in Siberia, say.)

To estimate which connections are most likely, Facebook can run analyses against the structure of the network, using a long and entirely above-our-pay-grade list of coefficients and indices. Those coefficients account for a huge number of things: How many unusual commonalities do two people share, for instance? How many friends do they have in common? Which people in the network serve as rallying points, the people who know everyone? How many "degrees of separation" exist between them, how many friends of friends?

In the end, Facebooks friend-recommendation system isnt magic or malice - just really good math. And guessing your future friends isnt telling the future; its modelling the evolution of Facebooks social graph.

As you and I know, of course, this doesnt always work. Facebook, not infrequently, suggests you "may know" somebody that you dont. Or it suggests people you do know but dont want to see in your News Feed. Thats not Facebooks fault, says David Liben-Nowell, a computer scientist at Carleton College who studies the evolution of social networks.

There are some forces outside the network that Facebook could never account for, he says: like what if I randomly sat next to a middle-aged Siberian man on a plane? And on top of that, Facebooks dealing with a vast and complex network.

Liben-Nowell poses the example of your college roommates exes, some of whom you may want to Facebook-friend.

"But which ones? And why?" He asks. "Their network positions relative to you are all pretty much the same, but you (only) know the one who you happened to sit beside at a wedding before your roommate dumped them. But Facebook doesnt know which college roommate was at Table 7 with you, so its prediction algorithms can only do so much."

That said, both Facebook and mathematics at large have enormous interest in improving models of social-network change and "link prediction"; after all, the way people connect has implications way outside social networking, in fields as diverse as epidemiology, communications and counterterrorism.

"We continuously update the People You May Know algorithm to make it better and more relevant for people," a Facebook spokesperson, Ana Brekalo, said.

So in the future, Facebook may know even more about your friends.

By @Caitlin Dewey

Belive in yourself so the world cant help but belive in you. Sania Mirza ( after winning the women doubles finals and now ranked at World Number One )

My Goals for 2016

Exercise 30 mins a day

Spend more time with family

1. Complete 3 books
a. 500 mutual friend experiment
b. Main Kia Karoon
c. What is Facebook
c1 . facebook for politice
c2 facebook for religion

Double the sales of didx

make 1 of the 1ms business into 10 outlets

What are yours ?

Thank you Steve Yuzenko

I went today to the factory of Henry Ford and am very inspired that he Doubled the salary of everyone at that given time, and created a huge hand in the middle class of United States.

Since I started going to my Fathers office when I was 6, I have been wanting to find a way to make the people who work with me, partners with me, and do profit sharing, Today after watching this, I am thinking more about this and trying to figure out how, I can also make all my current team my partner, and make MINIMUM take home income in my company in Pakistan to Rs 100,000 for all graduate level jobs.

I hope people like Asaad Zaheer , Muneeb Iqbal , Muhammad Fahad Superwala, and Ahsan Saleem Kathoria can help me figure it out asap.

I suggest that the prices of electricity to be doubled after 7 pm and be reduced to 50%from 6am to 10 am to encourage people to change their working time habits. Not restrict

“majority of humans listen half, understand quarter, think zero and react double” !!!

Edward de Bono

THIS IS A SOLUTION, HOW TO FINISH CORRUPTION?

Well everyone in Pakistan seems to commend the achievements of Singapore in drastically reducing the corruption level. It is a matter of pride for us Asians that we have one Asian country in the list of top 5 corruption less country. Today in this article we shall try to see what steps Singapore took to ensure such great achievement, which now have become an example for other countries to follow. I will try to keep the article short and simple, and “to the point”.

Before beginning the main discussion we have to look at some quick facts on Singapore. Singapore is a small island country made up of 63 islands, in the southern tip of Malay Peninsula. Singapore is one of the most advanced economies in the world, with successful free market economy. Like India, Singapore was a British colony, and got rid of the British in 31st August 1963. Since then they made rapid progress, thanks to some efficient planning and execution. Her GDP per ca-pita is 62,100 $, and what is amazing is the fact that the GDP is still growing at the rate of 14.5%. When it started off though, just after independence she had a GDP per ca pita of 511$, what a remarkable leap!

Initially Singapore, when it started off as a developing country did face the crisis of corruption, but they left no stone upturned to achieve a level that has become the subject of study to many foreign Nations. During the 1950’s the police inspectors of Singapore stole 1,800 tons of narcotics and forced the British to form some sort of vigilance commission named- CPIB (Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau). This didn’t help much until major restructuring and improvements were made inside CPIB itself. “In response, in the 1970s, Singapore reorganized the CPIB and gave it considerable powers to curb endemic corruption. The reorganized CPIB concentrated its activities on investigation and enforcement. Evidence of the CPIB’s success in reducing corruption is present from Singapore’s highly favorable investment climate that “typically ranks among the top twenty recipients of foreign investment in the world in absolute terms.” This success in attracting investments attests to that government’s ability to overcome the perverse effects of reputation in the persistence of corrupt behavior.” “Among the CPIB’s unique characteristics are its small size, narrow police emphasis, and service to a semi-authoritarian regime. With only 75 staff members, the CPIB lacks the presence of Hong Kong’s ICAC, and it has accordingly a narrow investigative function. The CPIB has relied on deterrent strategies; for example, a conviction for corruption may carry a $100,000.00 fine and up to five years in prison.

But it’s not only the CPIB which makes all the differences there are others parts as well. Let me summarize those in order.

In an article on Corruption Control in Singapore, Mr Koh Teck Hin, Deputy Director CPIB, Singapore outlines those salient points which forms the core of the anti corruption campaign of Singapore:-

POLITICAL WILL

Mr. Koh Teck Hin, says, “These sentiments reflect the determination and political will for the fight against corruption. Political will is a key ingredient in the transformation effort from Singapore’s corruption infested past as it forms that all important sub-structure, upon which all the super-structures of anti-corruption work rest. It provides the soil and the nutrient which allows the seeds of anti-corruption work to germinate and grow. The government has matched its words with deeds – it mobilized the public, and the entire civil service to fight corruption.”

FRAMEWORK OF CORRUPTION CONTROL

With a strong political will as the foundation, the framework of corruption control consists of four pillars, consisting of 4As, as follows:

A. Effective Anti Corruption Acts (or laws)

I. This allows CPIB to inspect both private and public cases. Since Public cases are also vital to ensure corruption free run of corporate and attract investment.
II. The public official has to prove his innocence if he is reported to have accepted bribes or under table payments.

III. A bribe acceptor would still be punished if he fails to return favour after accepting the bribe.

IV. The act forbids to public officials to accept gifts.

V. The act empowers the official to pay the exact amount of bribe he received apart from other punishment.

VI. The act reserves punishment for any cases of corruption committed outside Singapore.

B. Effective Anti Corruption Agency

I. The CPIB is the only agency empowered with the right and independence to deal with any cases of corruption.
II. It can investigate cases of any person however high in the hierarchy he may be.

III. It directly reports to the Prime Minister and no one else.

IV. The Bureau’s slogan is “swift and sure” by which it ensures fast and outright coverage of cases.

C. Effective Adjudication (or punishment)

I. Transparency in the Judicial Process.
II. The court slams a penalty to the offender, which is, to pay the exact amount of bribe taken.

III. The Government nullifies all the contracts or favors granted by any convicted corrupt official, while in service. The contractor who gave the bribe is barred to enter into any government for five years.

IV. There can be court ruling of double payment. For instance if an official in a MNC accepts bribe, he has to pay the government the money he accepted as bribe, adding to that if the company where he served asks for compensation he has to pay the company as well.

D. Efficient Government Administration.

Preventive and Administrative Measures in the Public Sector.

I. A public officer cannot borrow money from any person who has official dealings with him or her;
II. A public officer’s unsecured debts and liabilities cannot at anytime be more than three times his other monthly salary;

III. A public officer cannot use any official information to further his or her private interest;

IV. A public officer is required to declare his or her assets at his or her first appointment and also annually;

V. A public officer cannot engage in trade or business or undertake any part-time employment without approval; and

VI. A public officer cannot receive entertainment or present in any form from members of the public.

Proper care is taken so that the Public officers are paid well and,

I. identifying and removing opportunity for corruption in Government work procedures;

II. streamlining cumbersome administrative procedures and slashing red tape to provide an efficient and transparent civil service so that no one needs to recourse to corrupt civil servants to get things done;

III. reviewing public officers’ salary regularly to ensure that they are paid adequately and comparable to that of the private sector;

IV. reminding Government contractors at the time when contracts are signed that bribing public officers administering the contract may render their contracts to be terminated. A clause to this effect forms part of the standard contract conditions.

EFFECTIVE ADMINISTRATION:

a. An effective administration reduces hurdles and provide swiftest the delivery of the public benefit.
b. Major Reforms in 1995 called “Public Service in the 21st century”.

c. Zero in Process: By which passing a file “from one desk to the other” is reduced.

d. Public Officers have websites where in they point those areas where improvements are needed and accordingly improvements are made.

e. The general public can put their grievances and suggestions online, it is obligatory for public officers to reply those issues.This keeps the Governments “at their toes”.

f. A new system known as OBLS (Online Business Licensing Service) has been taken up. Where even a hawker can apply for licence over net, instead of physical going to door to door and thus receive his licence sitting at home.

g. The CPIB organizes workshops where it invites administrative officials from UK, US, France, Australia, Korea, and Hong Kong for cross learning and knowledge sharing.

So this is the story of Singapore and the steps they took to fight corruption. I haven’t found anything closely relevant to things such as ‘Lokpal Bill’ being brought into Singapore in 1982, as many nowadays say. But they have made it possible in their very own way. Our case is certainly different than theirs’. May be we need Lokpal since all other forms proved a failure when it came to reduce corruption, on the contrary day by day it has spread like an epidemic, our solution therefore is bound to be different. Whether the Lokpal bill will be the greatest solution I can’t say that, what I want to say is a strong “political will” is required to overhaul the system of administration as well.

Many intellectuals are saying that Lokpal will have enormous power and that may be bad for the stability of Pakistan. But it is also true, that if only a public servant does wrong, Lokpal will come into action and not till then. So if one does good work why should he fear at all?

enjoy!

Day-by-day aapki kushiya ho jaye double !
Aapki zindagi se delete ho jaye saare trouble !
Khuda rakhe hamesha aapko smart & fit !
Aapke liye new year ho super duper hit !

A new website of NADRA/FBR is launched containing details of Assets and foreign Travelling info of all the citizens. Every citizen will be able to see his/her Financial profile.

taxnet.nadra.gov.pk

These are the steps and info required;
1- CNIC, Email, Mobile Number
2- Verification Code on Mobile number
3- To double check identity, Birthplace confirmation of siblings

4- Fee (Debit/credit card or ESAHULAT)
View your profile

What stops you from earning double income than what you earn now ?