Are there any good documentaries on the life of Socrates ?

Do you know who was Socrates ? How did he die ? Do you know what he did wrong ?

Socrates, 399 BC On a day in 399 BC the philosopher Socrates stood before a jury of 500 of his fellow Athenians accused of "refusing to recognize the gods recognized by the state" and of "corrupting the youth." If found guilty; his penalty could be death. The trial took place in the heart of the city, the jurors seated on wooden benches surrounded by a crowd of spectators. Socrates' accusers (three Athenian citizens) were allotted three hours to present their case, after which, the philosopher would have three hours to defend himself. Socrates Socrates was 70 years old and familiar to most Athenians. His anti-democratic views had turned many in the city against him. Two of his students, Alcibiades and Critias, had twice briefly overthrown the democratic government of the city, instituting a reign of terror in which thousands of citizens were deprived of their property and either banished from the city or executed. After hearing the arguments of both Socrates and his accusers, the jury was asked to vote on his guilt. Under Athenian law the jurors did not deliberate the point. Instead, each juror registered his judgment by placing a small disk into an urn marked either "guilty" or "not guilty." Socrates was found guilty by a vote of 280 to 220. The jurors were next asked to determine Socrates' penalty. His accusers argued for the death penalty. Socrates was given the opportunity to suggest his own punishment and could probably have avoided death by recommending exile. Instead, the philosopher initially offered the sarcastic recommendation that he be rewarded for his actions. When pressed for a realistic punishment, he proposed that he be fined a modest sum of money. Faced with the two choices, the jury selected death for Socrates. The philosopher was taken to the near-by jail where his sentence would be carried out. Athenian law prescribed death by drinking a cup of poison hemlock. Socrates would be his own executioner. "What must I do?" Plato was Socrates' most famous student. Although he was not present at his mentor's death, he did know those who were there. Plato describes the scene through the narrative voice of the fictional character Phaedo. "When Crito heard, he signaled to the slave who was standing by. The boy went out, and returned after a few moments with the man who was to administer the poison which he brought ready mixed in a cup. When Socrates saw him, he said, 'Now, good sir, you understand these things. What must I do?' 'Just drink it and walk around until your legs begin to feel heavy, then lie down. It will soon act.' With that he offered Socrates the cup. The latter took it quite cheerfully without a tremor, with no change of color or expression. He just gave the man his stolid look, and asked, 'How say you, is it permissible to pledge this drink to anyone? May I?' The answer came, 'We allow reasonable time in which to drink it.' 'I understand', he said, 'we can and must pray to the gods that our sojourn on earth will continue happy beyond the grave. This is my prayer, and may it come to pass.' With these words, he stoically drank the potion, quite readily and cheerfully. Up till this moment most of us were able with some decency to hold back our tears, but when we saw him drinking the poison to the last drop, we could restrain ourselves no longer. In spite of myself, the tears came in floods, so that I covered my face and wept - not for him, but at my own misfortune at losing such a man as my friend. Crito, even before me, rose and went out when he could check his tears no longer. Apollodorus was already steadily weeping, and by drying his eyes, crying again and sobbing, he affected everyone present except for Socrates himself. He said, 'You are strange fellows; what is wrong with you? I sent the women away for this very purpose, to stop their creating such a scene. I have heard that one should die in silence. So please be quiet and keep control of yourselves.' These words made us ashamed, and we stopped crying. Jacques-Louis David, 1787 The Death of Socrates Socrates walked around until he said that his legs were becoming heavy, when he lay on his back, as the attendant instructed. This fellow felt him, and then a moment later examined his feet and legs again. Squeezing a foot hard, he asked him if he felt anything. Socrates said that he did not. He did the same to his calves and, going higher, showed us that he was becoming cold and stiff. Then he felt him a last time and said that when the poison reached the heart he would be gone. As the chill sensation got to his waist, Socrates uncovered his head (he had put something over it) and said his last words: 'Crito, we owe a cock to Asclepius. Do pay it. Don't forget.' 'Of course', said Crito. 'Do you want to say anything else?' 'There was no reply to this question, but after a while he gave a slight stir, and the attendant uncovered him and examined his eyes. Then Crito saw that he was dead, he closed his mouth and eyelids. This was the end of our friend, the best, wisest and most upright man of any that I have ever known" References: Plato's description appears in: Tredennick, Hugh (translator)The last days of Socrates : Euthyphro, The apology, Crito, Phaedo / Plato (1959); Freeman, Charles, The Greek Achievement (1999); Stone, I.F., The Trial of Socrates (1988).

Why aren’t their any #movies on lives of #plato and #socrates ?

Plato visited his teacher Socrates and said, "You have been spreading false information about me in the market place." Socrates asked, "What have you been telling people?" Plato answered, "You have been telling people about me." Socrates stopped him and told him to think about the situation, analyze it, and then decide if he should tell him the information or not. He asked Plato to consider three criteria, the truthfulness of the information, the morality of the information, and the usefulness of the information. If the information met all three criteria, then he could tell him, but if it did not, then he should keep quiet. Plato argued that the information was true but Socrates pointed out that it may not be useful or moral to spread it. This conversation highlights the importance of considering the truth, morality, and usefulness of information before spreading it.

Know yourself Here are 10 famous quotes about knowing yourself: 1. "Know thyself." - Socrates 2. "To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment." - Ralph Waldo Emerson 3. "The more you know yourself, the more clarity there is. Self-knowledge has no end." - Jiddu Krishnamurti 4. "The journey into self-love and self-acceptance must begin with self-examination… until you take the journey of self-reflection, it is almost impossible to grow or learn in life." - Iyanla Vanzant 5. "You cannot be lonely if you like the person you're alone with." - Wayne Dyer 6. "The one who knows others is wise; the one who knows oneself is enlightened." - Lao Tzu 7. "The privilege of a lifetime is to become who you truly are." - Carl Jung 8. "We are all born originals - why is it so many of us die copies?" - Edward Young 9. "The better you know yourself, the better your relationship with the rest of the world." - Toni Collette 10. "Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom." - Aristotle These quotes remind us of the importance of self-knowledge and self-awareness, and encourage us to embrace our unique qualities and talents. They inspire us to be true to ourselves and to live our lives with authenticity and purpose.

Some of the key pedagogical approaches and innovations throughout history. Many of these approaches continue to evolve and influence modern education practices. c. 700 BCE: Socratic Method - Ancient Greek philosopher Socrates develops a questioning technique to promote critical thinking and dialogue. 15th-18th centuries: Humanism - Renaissance scholars emphasize the importance of classical education, focusing on literature, history, and moral philosophy. 18th century: Rousseau and Natural Education - Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "Emile" promotes a child-centered approach, advocating for learning through experience and nature. Early 19th century: Pestalozzi Method - Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, a Swiss educator, develops a teaching method that focuses on the development of the whole child, including head, heart, and hands. Mid-19th century: Kindergarten - Friedrich Froebel establishes the concept of kindergarten, emphasizing play, creativity, and social development in early education. Late 19th century: Montessori Method - Maria Montessori introduces a child-centered approach, focusing on self-directed learning, multi-age classrooms, and hands-on materials. Late 19th century: Dewey and Progressive Education - John Dewey advocates for experiential learning, democratic classrooms, and real-world problem-solving. Early 20th century: Steiner and Waldorf Education - Rudolf Steiner establishes Waldorf schools, emphasizing a holistic approach to education, artistic expression, and social responsibility. Mid-20th century: Behaviorism - B.F. Skinner's theories of operant conditioning and reinforcement gain popularity, shaping educational approaches that focus on observable behaviors and learning outcomes. 1960s: Constructivism - Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky's theories emphasize the importance of active learning, social interaction, and the construction of knowledge through experience. 1970s: Critical Pedagogy - Paulo Freire's "Pedagogy of the Oppressed" introduces a transformative educational approach that empowers learners to challenge social injustices and inequalities. 1980s: Multiple Intelligences - Howard Gardner proposes the theory of multiple intelligences, suggesting that individuals possess various types of intelligence, each requiring different teaching methods. Late 20th century: Inquiry-Based Learning - Educational approaches that encourage students to ask questions, explore, and discover knowledge through their curiosity and interests gain popularity. 21st century: Flipped Classroom - Educators experiment with inverting the traditional teaching model, assigning lectures for homework and using class time for hands-on activities and discussions. 21st century: Blended Learning - The integration of digital technology and online resources with traditional classroom instruction becomes more widespread, creating diverse learning opportunities.

Who started teaching ? The practice of teaching, or passing down knowledge from one generation to the next, is likely as old as human history itself. However, formal education systems, where an individual or group specifically tasked with teaching imparts knowledge to learners, date back to ancient civilizations. In Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) around 3500 B.C., the earliest known form of schools was established, where scribes taught boys reading, writing, and arithmetic, mostly for administrative purposes. Similarly, ancient Egyptians had education systems focused on preparing boys for roles in the bureaucracy or priesthood. In Ancient Greece, around 500 B.C., the Sophists were among the first known paid teachers. They taught a range of skills and knowledge, including rhetoric, which was vital for participation in democracy. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were significant figures in education during this period. In ancient China, Confucius (551–479 B.C.) was a pivotal educator and thinker who emphasized moral education and familial respect, laying down the foundation for Confucianism which profoundly influenced Chinese society and other East Asian cultures. But remember, informal teaching and learning processes were part of human societies long before these structured educational systems emerged.

Who started teaching ? The practice of teaching, or passing down knowledge from one generation to the next, is likely as old as human history itself. However, formal education systems, where an individual or group specifically tasked with teaching imparts knowledge to learners, date back to ancient civilizations. In Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) around 3500 B.C., the earliest known form of schools was established, where scribes taught boys reading, writing, and arithmetic, mostly for administrative purposes. Similarly, ancient Egyptians had education systems focused on preparing boys for roles in the bureaucracy or priesthood. In Ancient Greece, around 500 B.C., the Sophists were among the first known paid teachers. They taught a range of skills and knowledge, including rhetoric, which was vital for participation in democracy. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were significant figures in education during this period. In ancient China, Confucius (551–479 B.C.) was a pivotal educator and thinker who emphasized moral education and familial respect, laying down the foundation for Confucianism which profoundly influenced Chinese society and other East Asian cultures. But remember, informal teaching and learning processes were part of human societies long before these structured educational systems emerged.

Socrates: 'Before you speak, ask yourself these 3 questions' Socrates (469 – 399 BC), the great Greek philosopher, was once stopped by an acquaintance as he passed through the markets. “I’ve something important to tell you,” he said. “It’s about your friend.” “That’s very kind of you,” Socrates said. “But, don’t tell me just yet. I run all information through the Three Filters Test to ascertain if I want to know it.” The man looked somewhat puzzled as Socrates continued, “First is the filter of truth. Whatever you want to tell me, have you seen or witnessed it first-hand?” “Umm…I actually heard it from someone,” the man said, “and, it is from a trusted source.” “Alright. But that does not pass my first test,” Socrates added, “since you don’t know whether it’s true.” “Second is the filter of goodness. Is that a good statement you want to make about my friend?” “Not really. That’s the reason I wanted—” Socrates interjected, “So, you want to tell me something bad about someone but don’t know if it’s true.” “The last is the filter of utility.” He continued, “Your statement about my friend, is that gonna be useful to me?” “Not really as such. I just wanted to share” “Well, if the information is not necessarily true, it is not good, and, it is of no use,” Socrates concluded, “please, I don’t want to know about it.”